Search Results For: r3
15 Mar
0
Ethereum Launches Homestead
Blockchain project Ethereum has just launched Homestead, the first release of its software implemented at block 1,150,000.
This new implementation comes at a time when more and more financial institutions and startups are revealing their interest in Ethereum and in creating projects related to the blockchain.
Just a few days ago, in fact, we talked about how Ethereum now is bigger than ever.
Special advisor at Ethereum Foundation, William Mougayar, explained that Ethereum processes almost 25,000 transactions per day: about 10% of the number of Bitcoin.
“You need to look at the growth of the Ethereum network via the growth of its nodes, sitting at 5,100 versus bitcoin’s about 6,000 roughly. That’s quite significant and shows the stability and global nature of the Ethereum network,” commented Mougayar.
Homestead vs Frontier
Homested is preceded by Frontier, that was released in July 2015.
Co-founder of ConsenSys Enterprise, Andrew Key, commented that Homestead will help users to expand their possibility on Ethereum and the simplicity that will allow them to be able to build proof-of-concept products.
Keys said to CoinDesk:
“Homestead’s arrival will begin to demonstrate the next generation of blockchain technology, whereby anything we can dream of, can be accomplished in a decentralized manner using Ethereum.”
“We’ve seen Microsoft and IBM doing projects on Ethereum. There’s a lot of coders. It’s exciting to see something you were in on in the early stages growing and bearing fruit,” said Ethereum co-founder Anthony Di Iorio.
Ethereum helps Car Charging
In Germany the startup called Slock is working with RWE on a project to use Ethereum for car charging uses.
This project debuted at the Lift 2016 conference in Geneva, Switzerland and it will play out within 2017.
According to the RWE, customers will use charging stations by accepting a smart contract programmed on the Ethereum blockchain.
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10 Feb
0
HolyTransaction’s Bitcoin Monthly Roundup of January 2016
Welcome to HolyTransaction’s first monthly recap for the new year of 2016. This past month of January has been marked by all time highs for the year thus far; during that time, the bitcoin price rose from a high of $430.89 on January 1st to a low of $368.49 on January 31st, according to Bitcoin exchange Bitstamp.
Since the news broke about Cryptsy’s disappearence, the exchange has officially put forward their side of the story. Paul Vernon claims that the exchange was hacked years ago, and admits to running a fractional reserve since that date. He even offered a 100 BTC reward for whoever could find the hacker. Community speculation and the piling legal documents against Cryptsy’s founder spell more bad news for the American exchange.
Months ago, Hearn was promoting Bitcoin XT, a hardfork that would have increased the Bitcoin blockchain block size in a brute force manner. The plan wasn’t able to garner community support, and Hearn eventually signed a deal to work with R3. Hearn also cited concerns about “Chinese miners” and the Great Firewall of China and what their involvement in Bitcoin meant for the longevity of the project. He left the Bitcoin community with a strong blog post on Medium, saying: “But despite knowing that Bitcoin could fail all along, the now inescapable conclusion that it has failed still saddens me greatly.” Unfortunately, many in the mainstream media took this as an opportunity to hail the death of Bitcoin; but alas, the death of Bitcoin was (again) greatly exaggerated.
Shaun Bridges, one of the government agents arrested and charged in the aftermath of the Silk Road case, which the agents were instrumental in, has been re-arrested. Bridges was found with packs of packed clothes, money, passports, and other evidence that he was planning to leave the country instead of reporting for his time in jail. There is evidence that Bridges still has Bitcoin stashed elsewhere, and the plot continues to thicken.
In a response to community outcry for better communication from those entrusted with the “original” version of Bitcoin, the Bitcoin Core team launched their social media presence this past month. They are also using popular communications platform Slack to better interface with the community. Interested users can signup at slack.bitcoincore.org to chat about the future of Bitcoin.
Former JP Morgan Chase banker Blythe Masters’ blockchain company, Digital Asset Holdings, has successfully raised $52 million for their project. The company previously bought out such bitcoin startups as Hyperledger and had been raising money through 2015 to bring the blockchain to the mainstream. The company also landed a deal with ASX Ltd., which is Australia’s main exchange operator. The blockchain is going down under, in a good way.
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19 Jan
0
Bitcoin is “digital gold” and will mark the end of cash. Ametrano from IMI Bank explains.
(Sole24ore) Bitcoin is periodically back in the news, most of the time in a bad way like the recent presented use of the currency, then denied, from islamic terrorist authors of the attacks in Paris. At the same time banks and financial institutions seem extremely interested in the tech behind bitcoin.
We talk about this with Ferdinando Ametrano(*), from IMI Bank, Banca Intesa Sanpaolo group.
Professor Ametrano, what is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin is a private currency, that isn’t issued by any central bank nor guaranteed by any institution. It is electronically transferrable in a practically instant way, utilising a cryptographic security protocol. It is based on a completely decentralized network: the transactions don’t require a middleman, cannot be censored, don’t have any kind of geographical or amount restriction, and are possible 24 hours a day every day and are substantially free.
How can transaction be substantially free? Who covers the costs of the bitcoin network? Who guarantees its safety?
Bitcoin’s network security is handled by nodes, that validate transactions and are also called miners.
The costs that they sustain while doing this activity are covered by issuing new bitcoins.
We’re more and more hearing about blockchain, how is it related to bitcoin?
The validated bitcoin transactions are “stacked” in blocks. Every new block of transactions is written down on a public and distributed ledger, organised like a ordered chain of blocks. This public ledger is in fact called blockchain, a term generally used to define the underlying technology of bitcoin. The blockchain tech regulates the transfer of a “digital token” to the whom can be associated a variety of goods and rights of the real world. The token, that is fundamental for the existence of this technology, gains value due to its use in the digital world.
The bitcoin currency is in fact the digital token of the first and most distributed blockchain: it’s impossible separating the two. It’s hence possible having technological applications that “hide” the token or in which the token has a value not relevant if compared to the right or to the good that it represents, and avoid calling it bitcoin or utilising a different blockchain from the one bitcoin’s using.
Is it true that bitcoin’s author could be proposed for the nobel prize in economics?
The white paper that describes the bitcoin protocol was published around October 2008, by a person known as Satoshi Nakamoto, an identity which has yet to be confirmed. Nakamoto released the source code for Bitcoin in January 2009, and then he gradually vanished, leaving the development to others. He vanished completely around mid-2010, when he stopped answering to any message. As of today, even due to the poor understanding of Bitcoin and to the lack of diffusion it has, the Nobel prize is just a boutade.
We frequently hear about anonymity in bitcoin transactions. Why?
We should instead talk about pseudonymity: the blockchain is in fact a public ledger and all the transactions take place in a transparent way between the different bitcoin addresses, which are like IBANs from our bank accounts. There is not however any way to force the identification of the person or organization behind the address.
The lack of user identification and the fact that transaction can’t be censored are aspects that make bitcoin interesting for terrorists and criminals, don’t they?
In theory, yes. But in practice the interest is limited. The common sense suggests that the currency used by terrorist in still in most cases the US dollar, because it’s globally accepted.
Back in October the British Treasury has completed a study revolved around the key points in money laundering and terrorism financing: Bitcoin was found to be the one with less risk, before banks, legal services and accountancy, gambling, cash etc. We know that criminals use internet, cellular phones, and transport services: we can’t shame technology because of this.
There are always new challenges and we have to adapt to them: the authorities have shown they know how, for example when they took down Silk Road, the darknet market that used bitcoin as the go-to currency. The most sensitive point in the Bitcoin environment are for sure the exchanges, where people can buy and sell bitcoins: they represent the point where Bitcoin and the regulated financial system make contact, where suspect actions can be intercepted.
Obviously, regulating and prosecuting the illicit uses of bitcoin is necessary, exactly like how it’s done with all the other tools we have to our disposal. How far are we in doing this?
The international regulators are following with great attention the Bitcoin phenomenon. The New York Department of Financial Services has released last June, the so-called BitLicense, a regulatory framework developed in about two years of study and consultations. The head of this department said that the regulator should not, especially at this time of development, suffocate the innovation that this new technology brings. This was repeated in the following months by the chairman of the Australian Securities and Investment Commission and the Canadian Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce. Bank of England defined this promising technology as a payment system.
The European Central Bank has published two studies. If other countries and states are prudent, Europe decided a more cautious approach: the European Banking Association urged national regulators to discourage banks from buying, selling and holding bitcoins.
And yet Banks, stock exchanges, and the financial institutions in general, even while staying away from bitcoin are really interested in blockchain technology.
Of course, and for an absolutely crucial reason. Financial transactions are reversible for a long time (with credit card chargebacks possibile for up to 6 months) and even when they seem to take an instant they are actually regulated (clearing and settlement) in two or three days after the transaction itself through central counter-parties and clearing houses. The settlement system is burdened by significant costs and levies. In a world where information travels instantly at virtually no cost, these layered and convoluted processes are inefficient, expensive and inadequate. The validation of a transition on blockchain happens at the same time as its clearing and settlement and is not reversible, resembling in a lot of ways cash transactions. When you receive bitcoins you are certain that whoever sends them is in real possession of them and that the transfer is immediately effective and irreversible.
How is Bitcoin’s monetary policy defined?
The validation of a new block of transactions happens every 10 minutes or so, and requires a significant work from miners. Those who exhibit this kind of work (proof-of-work) is paid back as of now with 25 bitcoins every block. This reward halves every four years and it will reach 0 approximately in 2140, when the system will have to cover its costs with transaction fees, that, at the moment, are negligible. This defines entirely bitcoin’s monetary policy.
So, can we expect the rise of new and more efficient financial services and the redefinition of the actual ones on through blockchain technology?
It’s hard to find clear arrival points in this pioneering phase. The ‘fundamentalists’ of the blockchain technology believe that the traditional financial world will be swept away completely; these are opposed to radical conservatives who believe existing financial institutions will instead simply incorporate and adapt the tech to its needs; as always, the truth probably stands in the middle. In any case, despite the general enthusiasm or concern, it is not yet clear if and which applications will be adopted by the traditional financial world.
The blockchain technology aims at uncensored transactions guaranteed by an inherently decentralized ecosystem. Decentralization is, however, naturally inefficient in terms of scalability in the number of transactions (about 3 per second, compared to the 60 thousand possible inside the centralized VISA network) and completely sealed against regulatory processes. These features make it a problem for financial institutions and regulators.
And yet blockchain technology is more and more being represented as able to solve all the problems that currently burden our financial system: costs, inefficiency, lack of transparency, etc.
I often have the impression that behind the blockchain innovation label is behind hidden the attempt to reform the organizational side of these processes even before the technological one. Many of the proposed solutions are simple misinformation, implemented through databases in a more efficient and cheap way than a blockchain. In general, the blockchain is suitable for public goods or services, which must therefore be handled in a transparent, decentralized way.
For example, the transfer of monetary value between different countries and different currencies: you could have IOUs issued and guaranteed by banking groups and placed on a circuit that automates their compensation. A similar situation is offered by Ripple, one of the distributed public ledger solutions alternative to bitcoin. It’s easy imagining a group of banks that share this idea, maybe utilising the concept in a different distribution.
It is recent news that thirty of the most important banks in the world have joined the R3CEV consortium. The goal is to make the public distributed ledger useful in the financial world traditional, going past scalability limits. Will Intesa Sanpaolo be there?
The event that you are describing is certainly the most interesting, if nothing else just for of the caliber of participants: Intesa Sanpaolo is considering whether to join or not and in any case it will be interesting to follow the work that will be done there. The performance limits of the current blockchain technology are intrinsic to the exceptional level of decentralized security: they can be mitigated or even improved by reintroducing a minimal centralization in the network. Along this path of centralization, however, you might find that the database technology has a competitive advantage. In recent months, the debate on the distributed records saw the opposition of public (no control, such as bitcoin) to private (controlled, as Ripple). It is open to question whether and how the private distributed registers differ from simple replicated databases.
What role could banks play in the blockchain ecosystem?
The stability of the financial market needs an influential player, able to provide adequate guarantees of reliability. Banks play this role in our economy, even if not flawlessly. The customer identification (for anti-money laundering and to fight of terrorism financing), being a ‘custodian’ for the whole system and granting its functionality, giving out credits, the market-making on financial markets: these and many other activities have the banks in leadership.
I don’t think the entry in the banking world of technology giants is imminent, although it should be noted that Apple capitalise about the same as the top 30 banks in the eurozone. Moreover, the British Bank Association wrote that “banks must agree to the fact that they are more and more part of a wide ecosystem that consumers themselves are building. Well, their role in the ecosystem is far from secure. ” A lesson has already been tried in other areas by leading brands such as Kodak, Blackberry or Blockbuster.
What is Intesa Sanpaolo doing right now? Between all the great international groups you are the ones with the most conservative public profile about it.
Our bank has been following the Bitcoin phenomenon since May 2014 at least. A study task force coordinated by our Chief Economist, Gregorio De Felice, worked six months involving all of the bank’s the different functions and summarised what should be the strategy guidelines for the group. In July, we responded publicly with a documented analysis to the “Call for Evidence” of the European Security Market Association. It is certainly a land where you need to move with caution: this is why we are evaluating with great selectivity a number of initiatives. I am confident that soon enough our operational choices will become more clear.
As of now bitcoin hasn’t really imposed itself as a currency for commercial transactions, not even online.
This because bitcoin is not a good currency for transactions, but rather a speculative investment. In the digital environment bitcoin it is more comparable to gold than to a currency, sharing with gold some severe limitations in the use. A good currency should have three characteristics: being a mean of exchange, utility conservation, unit of account. Bitcoin is unbeatable on the first two aspects: instantly transferable, divisible without limit, tamper-proof, non-perishable, with virtually zero cost of conservation, and it can be easily stored for later use.
The not so good sides of Bitcoin come out when analysing the unit of account: the currency, in general, is the good we reference when we measure the relative value of other assets. And a unit we use to measure. The value of each asset, however, is determined by the law of supply and demand: as the supply of bitcoins is deterministically fixed and completely inelastic, any change in demand is reflected in changes in value. The value of Bitcoin has appreciated by a few cents in 2010 to about $ 300 today (almost touching, with a frightening volatility, the level of $ 1,200 in 2013): this aspect makes the joy of speculators but makes it impossible to have stable prices in bitcoin, contract mutual, fix salaries or lock in forward prices.
In the recent years we’ve been hearing controversial things about e-money. So is bitcoin going to fail
I wouldn’t talk about failure: bitcoin could be used, in the future, as a digital “gold reserve” asset for a next generation of cryptocurrencies with a flexible monetary policy, the ones i call “Hayek Money”. Gold was adopted without any central planning by all civilizations in the world, for its peculiarities (the fact that it does not rust and its rarity) and uses (jewellery and ornaments). The adoption of bitcoin is spreading in a similar way in the digital domain, without central planning, for its peculiarities (available in a limited non-alterable quantity) and utilities (transferable token can not be duplicated). The possibilities that are opening up in money’s history are extraordinary.
What exactly do you mean?
Money is a social relations tool and on it we’ve based the whole exchange economy. It was created by mankind to cooperate with those who are outside of the gift economy, a characteristic of the family and of close relationships. Gold has historically established themselves as a monetary standard: the minting of the coin from Caesar will initially only confirmed purity and quantity. Gold has been gradually replaced by notes, that were initially conceived as certificates that could be converted into gold, guaranteed first from private individuals and later by kings, governments and central banks.
Gold has been gradually reduced as a tool of monetary policy, due to the restrictions it involves: today we use fiat money (fiat from the Latin “fiat lux et fuit lux“), money without intrinsic value whose acceptability is based on a social contract which determines the legal tender. All democracies and developed economies have delegated the management of the currency and its stability to an independent central bank, to avoid abuses that governments could make.
The Blockchain technology has the opposite trend: for the first time after thousands of years it looks like currency can be used without Cesar controlling it.
We often hear about non financial uses of the blockchain: public vehicle record, land register, digital id certification, notary services. What is your opinion about them?
With the blockchain we have for the first time a digital token which can be transferred, but cannot be duplicated. This opens new scenarios: I have great interest and curiosity in the various proposals and I try to support their development through participation in AssoB.it, the Italian association for the promotion of the blockchain technology. But i must confess that for know i see bitcoin as the killer app in blockchain technology, like e-mail was for internet back in the 90s. There will certainly be in future businesses and services difficult to predict, like Google, Amazon or Facebook we some time ago. Personally i’ve yet to identify them.
In a time of growing demand for dramatically scarce blockchain skills, i’m afraid that Italian universities are not really being receptive. Luckly something is moving with the private research center BlockchainLab in Milan.
What could be the next big thing in the bitcoin/blockchain environment?
The digitalization of cash, which is in my opinion the most urgent and inevitable. The pros of bitcoin over cash are its traceability, transparency and the fact that it’s impossible to forge it. The blockchain could be for payment systems what was internet for communication and information.
Author: Massimo Chiriatti, technologist and member of Assob.it
*F. Ametrano is a leading italian expert in the field of coins often called virtual, mathematical or cryptographic. Professor at the University Milano Bicocca is also a member of the supervisory body of AssoB.it
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5 Oct
0
Bitcoin’s Monthly Recap of September 2015
Welcome to HolyTransaction’s ninth monthly recap for the year 2015. This past month of September has been marked by some pretty developments in old cases and the long awaited release of new products; during that time, the bitcoin price rose from a low of $229.86 on September 1st to a high of $236.12 on September 30th, according to Bitcoin exchange Bitstamp.
Mike Tyson Proud to Be In Bitcoin, Opens Bitcoin ATM in Las Vegas
Weeks ago, Mike Tyson announced that he would be releasing a Tyson branded Bitcoin ATM in Las Vegas. The Lamassu Bitcoin ATM currently sits at the Linq in Vegas, is the 7th in Sin City, and has gathered a lot of attention. Tyson believes that Bitcoin will grow as education on it grows. He commented: “People don’t really understand a currency based on numerical equations. I personally still don’t … but I’m grateful to be a part of the revolution and hoping that my participation in this space will lead to more conversations and help increase knowledge and awareness.”
More Corruption in FBI Silk Road Case As Variety Johns Comes Forward
Variety Johns, the man long associated with working with Ross Ulbricht and Silk Road, has turned himself in and revealed a very convoluted tale. He claims that a corrupt federal agent is threatening the Ulbricht family and is in control of an encrypted Bitcoin wallet with Ross Ulbricht’s bitcoins. Posting to the internet, Variety Johns revealed his real name and the alias of the supposed agent hunting him: Diamond. The years old investigation into Silk Road is still ongoing.
21 Inc. Releases 21 Bitcoin Computer
21 Inc., one of the most well-funded Bitcoin companies in the world, has released its first product: the 21 Bitcoin Computer. At its core, the Bitcoin computer is just a Raspberry Pi 2 with an attached 21 Inc. Bitcoin mining chip that is rather efficient. The Bitcoin computer enables a developer to have full access to the Bitcoin network as a full node. Already, the computer has become the #1 best selling server on Amazon.
R3 Blockchain Initiative Brings 22 International Banks Together
In a sure sign of the times, many big name banks from around the world have committed to working with new Bitcoin company R3. R3 is planning a blockchain development initiative that will update the financial infrastructure that banks use to include blockchain technology, whether or not Bitcoin will be involved remains to be seen. The CEO of R3 stated: “The addition of this new group of banks demonstrates widespread support for innovative distributed ledger solutions across the global financial services community, and we’re delighted to have them on board.”
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30 Sep
2
Deutsche Bank Is Bringing Bitcoin-Inspired Blockchain Technology to Germany
In a recently translated piece by the Deutsche bank, originally written by Thomas F. Dapp and Alexander Karollus, the German bank discussed how banks in general might be able to benefit from p2p networks like Bitcoin. The authors specifically mention a hypothetical future scenario where banks might assume new tasks that still play on banks’ perceived trustworthiness – “e.g. as custodians of cryptographic keys.” Other existing centralized services might have to adapt to serve other roles in the coming decentralized world. Don’t be surprised if someday soon Bloomberg to self-proclaim themselves as an oracle? They went on to note that the politics of Bitcoin would eventually lead to a head with regulators, law enforcement, etc. However, in the face of this new technology and potential regulatory backlash, Deutsche bank still wants to push forward… Because the concept of a blockchain really is that compelling, and the banks are finally starting to get it. Dapp and Karollus wrote:“Traditional banks should not rely on the regulator now, though, but instead actively experiment with the new technologies in their labs and collaborate without prejudice in order to create their own digital ecosystem in the medium run.”
This piece was originally published by Deutsche bank in late July. Since then, the German bank has delved head first into the investigation of blockchain use. Deutsche Bank is joining Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, HSBC, and Citi among other banks in a distributed ledger initiative lead by R3. Other banks include BNY Mellon, Commerzbank, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Royal Bank of Canada, SEB, National Australian Bank, and the Societe Generale and Toronto-Dominion Bank. The international representation in the project’s participants is not to be ignored. Many of these banks have also hosted big name Bitcoin companies, at least for a few weeks. For some banks, this move is clearly away from Bitcoin and to the blockchain – whatever that means. R3 CEO David Rutter commented:
“The addition of this new group of banks demonstrates widespread support for innovative distributed ledger solutions across the global financial services community, and we’re delighted to have them on board.”
Why are the banks rushing toward Bitcoin now? Why are they pushing the use of the words “distributed ledger” and “permissioned database” over “blockchain?” Why didn’t that sentence contain the word “Bitcoin?” All the banks delving into this new distributed technology know that they believe in blockchains more than bitcoins. After all, bitcoins have already suffered the taint of money laundering in the pen of the mainstream media and the eyes of the undiscerning reader, of which there are way too many. HolyTransaction believes in many blockchains, as evidenced by our support of other altcoins including our most recent addition – Gridcoin.
The community still isn’t quite sure what R3 is going to be doing with all of these banks and how involved Bitcoin will be. The emphasis that released products would be open source but might move away from proof of work, which some consider environmentally unviable. R3 is leading the world’s banks to the blockchain light. Better late than never!
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10 Jul
0
Cryptocoins for good: Cryptocurrencies Empowering Citizens Against Oppressive Governments
How cryptocurrencies can change the balance of power between dictators and citizens
For many years currency exchange control has been a distinctive feature of dictatorships, from
the “control by the ruble” of the Soviet Gosbank, to the dual currency
system in Cuba, China’s overvaluation of the Yuan, or the exchange
controls in countries like Venezuela and Iran, regimes of all types have
relied on these kind of controls to rein, or at least try to rein,
capital flights, inevitable when -sooner or later- markets try to
correct the excesses committed by money-hungry “revolutions”.
the “control by the ruble” of the Soviet Gosbank, to the dual currency
system in Cuba, China’s overvaluation of the Yuan, or the exchange
controls in countries like Venezuela and Iran, regimes of all types have
relied on these kind of controls to rein, or at least try to rein,
capital flights, inevitable when -sooner or later- markets try to
correct the excesses committed by money-hungry “revolutions”.
 |
| The Gosbank controlled the currency markets using what it came to be known as the “control by the ruble” |
Sadly,
citizens are usually the most affected by such currency controls: as a
pseudo-monopoly is established, a black-market is instantly created and
exchange rates climb inexorably, specially in left-leaning regimes where
the government aims for greater control of all aspects of the economy,
affecting the efficiency of the production system and pushing the
trade-balance the wrong way, increasing in consequence the amount of
foreign currency required to cover internal demand. In short, more
expensive currency is required to buy each time more stuff, the result?
Rampant inflation and even more poverty.
citizens are usually the most affected by such currency controls: as a
pseudo-monopoly is established, a black-market is instantly created and
exchange rates climb inexorably, specially in left-leaning regimes where
the government aims for greater control of all aspects of the economy,
affecting the efficiency of the production system and pushing the
trade-balance the wrong way, increasing in consequence the amount of
foreign currency required to cover internal demand. In short, more
expensive currency is required to buy each time more stuff, the result?
Rampant inflation and even more poverty.
Basic
Marxist theory says that the structure of society must be based in
keeping people in poverty, ruled by an upper class with certain rules,
norms and such in order so they can keep people like that. This
old-proven-wrong-policy is still used by many governments today, in
February 2014, for example, some education minister of a Latin American
country said that the government “wasn’t going to take people out of
poverty so they can become political opponents”. This proves that
currency controls are not a consequence of failed economic policies, but
tools for the governments to exert repressing power over its citizens.
Marxist theory says that the structure of society must be based in
keeping people in poverty, ruled by an upper class with certain rules,
norms and such in order so they can keep people like that. This
old-proven-wrong-policy is still used by many governments today, in
February 2014, for example, some education minister of a Latin American
country said that the government “wasn’t going to take people out of
poverty so they can become political opponents”. This proves that
currency controls are not a consequence of failed economic policies, but
tools for the governments to exert repressing power over its citizens.
Now,
what would happen to oppressive regimes if they were to lose control of
the currency exchange, so the people is free to manage their wealth
beyond the power of government currency controls? Currency
decentralization is not new, 20th century economist and Nobel Prize
Winner, Friedrich August Von Hayek (F.A. Hayek), theorized extensively
on this subject, and though polemic, his writings provided an important
part of the theoretical framework for modern economics, specially in
areas such as theory of money and economic fluctuations.In his book Theory of Liberty he wrote:
what would happen to oppressive regimes if they were to lose control of
the currency exchange, so the people is free to manage their wealth
beyond the power of government currency controls? Currency
decentralization is not new, 20th century economist and Nobel Prize
Winner, Friedrich August Von Hayek (F.A. Hayek), theorized extensively
on this subject, and though polemic, his writings provided an important
part of the theoretical framework for modern economics, specially in
areas such as theory of money and economic fluctuations.In his book Theory of Liberty he wrote:
“The
experience of the last fifty years has taught most people the
importance of a stable monetary system. Compared with the preceding
century, this period has been one of great monetary disturbances.
Governments have assumed a much more active part in controlling money,
and this has been as much a cause as a consequence of instability. It is
only natural, therefore, that some people should feel it would be
better if governments were deprived of their control over monetary
policy. Why, it is sometimes asked, should we not rely on the
spontaneous forces of the market to supply whatever is needed for a
satisfactory medium of exchange as we do in most other respects?It
is important to be clear at the outset that this is not only
politically impracticable today but would probably be undesirable if it
were possible. Perhaps, if governments had never interfered, a kind of
monetary arrangement might have evolved which would not have required
deliberate control; in particular, if men had not come extensively to
use credit instruments as money or close substitutes for money, we might
have been able to rely on a self-regulating mechanism. This choice,
however, is now closed to us. We know of no substantially different
alternatives to the credit institutions on which the organization of
modern business has come largely to rely; and historical developments
have created conditions in which the existence of these institutions
makes necessary some degree of deliberate control of the interacting
money and credit systems (my emphasis). Moreover, other circumstances
which we certainly could not hope to change by merely altering our
monetary arrangements make it, for the time being, inevitable that this
control should be largely exercised by governments”
 |
| Governments have assumed a much more active part in controlling money, and this has been as much a cause as a consequence of instability F.A. Hayek |
But,
what if it was no longer inevitable? During the 20th century creating
and managing currencies was only possible for governments, so it was in
essence exclusively a political matter, but technology is changing that,
money issuing is not only government turf anymore, they now must
compete with cryptocurrencies. In governments with an effective rule of
law, this can be fair competition, for example, currencies can be
somehow regulated -as the IRS recently did in the US- and a legal
framework can be established so everyone can play by the rules. But,
there are many countries where the line between state and nation is
blurred, these countries may also take two additional paths, they can
prevent financial institutions or businesses from transact with
cryptocurrencies (e.g. Colombia and China) or they can declare an
outright ban (as it is rumored about China every single day). In both
scenarios cryptocoins could have a very important role, in the former
-while remaining legal- they can create a new channel for the flow of
foreign currencies, in the latter they can work as a relief valve, as an
alternative for the black market. In any case, by increasing the supply
of foreign currency, these coins can effectively push prices down, with
all the benefits that comes with it.
what if it was no longer inevitable? During the 20th century creating
and managing currencies was only possible for governments, so it was in
essence exclusively a political matter, but technology is changing that,
money issuing is not only government turf anymore, they now must
compete with cryptocurrencies. In governments with an effective rule of
law, this can be fair competition, for example, currencies can be
somehow regulated -as the IRS recently did in the US- and a legal
framework can be established so everyone can play by the rules. But,
there are many countries where the line between state and nation is
blurred, these countries may also take two additional paths, they can
prevent financial institutions or businesses from transact with
cryptocurrencies (e.g. Colombia and China) or they can declare an
outright ban (as it is rumored about China every single day). In both
scenarios cryptocoins could have a very important role, in the former
-while remaining legal- they can create a new channel for the flow of
foreign currencies, in the latter they can work as a relief valve, as an
alternative for the black market. In any case, by increasing the supply
of foreign currency, these coins can effectively push prices down, with
all the benefits that comes with it.
For
once, the development model that could arise from an efficient
cryptocoins market presents a development plan that is not based on
plain charity, in giving away something with the hope that the recipient
will make a good use of it and luckily return it back in future
productivity. People cannot only mine their own coins but they can rest
assure that the value of such money will be subject to fair rules of
supply and demand, not to devaluation-based political planning; and most
important, they may not be held hostage in poverty by exchange
controls, giving back to them a little of that sovereignty that
dictators keep claiming or themselves.
once, the development model that could arise from an efficient
cryptocoins market presents a development plan that is not based on
plain charity, in giving away something with the hope that the recipient
will make a good use of it and luckily return it back in future
productivity. People cannot only mine their own coins but they can rest
assure that the value of such money will be subject to fair rules of
supply and demand, not to devaluation-based political planning; and most
important, they may not be held hostage in poverty by exchange
controls, giving back to them a little of that sovereignty that
dictators keep claiming or themselves.
Open your free digital wallet here to store your cryptocurrencies in a safe place.
30 May
0
10 things you should know about Bitcoin and digital currencies
After reading these 10 things to know about the confusing world of digital currencies, you’ll feel confident joining the conversation.
1. The difference between virtual, digital, and cryptocurrencies
(TechRepublic) Virtual currencies were developed because of trust issues with financial institutions and digital transactions. Though they aren’t even considered to be “money” by everyone, virtual currencies are independent of traditional banks and could eventually pose competition for them.
First, there are three terms that are sometimes used interchangeably that we need to sort out: virtual currency, digital currency, and cryptocurrency.
Virtual currency was defined in 2012 by the European Central Bank as “a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community.” Last year, the US Department of Treasury said that digital currency operates like traditional currency, but does not have all the same attributes — as in, it doesn’t have legal tender.
Digital currency, however, is a form of virtual currency that is electronically created and stored. Some types of digital currencies are
cryptocurrencies, but not all of them are.
cryptocurrencies, but not all of them are.
So that leads us to the more specific definition of a cryptocurrency, which is a subset of digital currencies that uses cryptography for security so that it is extremely difficult to counterfeit. A defining feature of these is the fact they are not issued by any central authority.
2. The origin of Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a number associated with a Bitcoin address. In 2008, a programmer (or group of programmers) under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper describing digital currencies. Then in 2009, it launched software that created the first Bitcoin network and cryptocurrency. Bitcoin was created to take power out of the hands of the government and central bankers, and put it back into the hands of the people.
There are currently about 12 million Bitcoins in circulation, though when it was created, the programmer said there is a finite limit of 21 million Bitcoins out there. They are currently valued at around $460 each, according to Bitcoin Charts, which tracks the activity. The value surged as high as $1000 each in December 2013.
3. The origin of Dogecoin
Dogecoin is a form of cryptocurrency that was created in December 2013. It features Doge, the Shiba Inu that has turned into a famous internet meme. It was created by Billy Markus from Portland, Oregon, who wanted
to reach a broader demographic than Bitcoin did. As of March, more than 65 billion Dogecoins have been mined, and the production schedule of this
cryptocurrency is in production faster than most.
to reach a broader demographic than Bitcoin did. As of March, more than 65 billion Dogecoins have been mined, and the production schedule of this
cryptocurrency is in production faster than most.
Earlier this year, the Dogecoin community raised funds for the Jamaican bobsled team to attend the 2014 Winter Olympics when they could not afford to go. The community also raised 67.8 million coins (about $55,000) to sponsor NASCAR driver Josh Wise, who drove the Doge-themed car in several races.
Because there’s a lot of them, Dogecoin is valued pretty low — 1,000 Dogecoins are worth $0.46.
4. Other types of digital currencies
There are other types of digital currencies, though we don’t hear much about them. The next most popular is probably Litecoin, which is accepted by some online retailers. It was inspired by Bitcoin and is nearly identical, but it was created to improve upon Bitcoin by using open source design.
There are many other types of cryptocurrencies, such as Peercoin, Ripple, Mastercoin, and Namecoin. Cryptocurrencies get some flack because they are often replicates of other versions, with no real improvements.
5. Bitcoin regulations
Who is in charge of Bitcoin? The point of the currency is that it is decentralized, but there are legalities that differ in every country. Law enforcement and tax authorities are concerned about the use of this cryptocurrency because of its anonymity and the ease of using it for money laundering and other illegal activities. Bitcoin was the prime currency on Silk Road, which was used to sell illegal goods, including drugs. It was shut down in 2013 by the FBI.
The US Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) hasn’t yet issued specific
regulations on digital currencies, but it often warns about investment schemes and fraud. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), an agency under the Department of Treasury, took initiative and published virtual currency guidelines in 2013. Many countries are still deciding how they will tax virtual currencies. The IRS is specifically concerned with virtual currencies being used for unreported income.
regulations on digital currencies, but it often warns about investment schemes and fraud. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), an agency under the Department of Treasury, took initiative and published virtual currency guidelines in 2013. Many countries are still deciding how they will tax virtual currencies. The IRS is specifically concerned with virtual currencies being used for unreported income.
6. How Ben Bernanke changed the Bitcoin game
In late 2013, the first congressional hearing on virtual currency was held to
outline the pros and cons of Bitcoin. The hearing ended up providing a
financial boost for the currency, because US officials talked about it as a
legitimate source of money, as opposed to only discussing its role in illegal
activities.
outline the pros and cons of Bitcoin. The hearing ended up providing a
financial boost for the currency, because US officials talked about it as a
legitimate source of money, as opposed to only discussing its role in illegal
activities.
Although he didn’t attend, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said in a letter to US senators that virtual currencies “may hold long-term promise, particularly if the innovations promote a faster, more secure, and more efficient payment system.” Bitcoin, which was valued around $13 in the beginning of 2013, jumped sharply after news of his comments broke.
7. How to get Bitcoins
There are three ways you can get Bitcoins: buy them on an exchange like HolyTransaction, accept them for products and services, and mine them. We’ll get to the latter process in the next section.
To start, download a Bitcoin wallet. There are many websites where you can download an app on your phone or computer to store Bitcoins. MultiBit is an app you can download for Windows, Mac and Linux. Bitcoin
Wallet for Android runs on your phone or tablet. To store the Bitcoins, you have three options:
Wallet for Android runs on your phone or tablet. To store the Bitcoins, you have three options:
1. Desktop wallets leave you responsible for protecting the currency and
doing your own backups.
doing your own backups.
2. Mobile wallets allow you to travel with the Bitcoins anywhere, and you
are responsible for them. Mobile apps allow you to scan a QR code or tap to
pay.
are responsible for them. Mobile apps allow you to scan a QR code or tap to
pay.
3. Web wallets are transacted through a third party service provider. If
anything happens on their side or it gets hacked, you run the risk of losing
the Bitcoins, so extra backups and secure passwords are suggested.
anything happens on their side or it gets hacked, you run the risk of losing
the Bitcoins, so extra backups and secure passwords are suggested.
Problem
is, Bitcoins can be stolen in huge quantities, just like money, and with no
centralized bank, there’s no way to recoup the losses. There are several types of Bitcoin ATMs, which exchange Bitcoins for flat currencies. Most machines are expensive and rare, ranging from $5,000 to $2,000. Skyhook,
a Portland, Oregon-based company, demoed a $1,000, machine at a conference this month. It is the first portable, open source ATM.
is, Bitcoins can be stolen in huge quantities, just like money, and with no
centralized bank, there’s no way to recoup the losses. There are several types of Bitcoin ATMs, which exchange Bitcoins for flat currencies. Most machines are expensive and rare, ranging from $5,000 to $2,000. Skyhook,
a Portland, Oregon-based company, demoed a $1,000, machine at a conference this month. It is the first portable, open source ATM.
8. How to mine for Bitcoins
It’s like mining for gold, just on the computer. You need a Bitcoin wallet and
specific software, which is free and open source. The most popular is GUIMiner, which searches for the special number combination to unlock a transaction. The more powerful your PC is, the faster you can mine. In the early days, it was easy to find Bitcoins, and some people found hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of the cryptocurrency using their computers. Now, though, more expensive hardware is required to find them. Each Bitcoin blockchain is 25 Bitcoin addresses, so it takes a lot of time to find them on your own. The exact amount of time ranges depending on the hardware power, but mining all day could drive your energy bill up and only mine a tiny fraction of a Bitcoin — it may take days to mine enough to purchase anything.
specific software, which is free and open source. The most popular is GUIMiner, which searches for the special number combination to unlock a transaction. The more powerful your PC is, the faster you can mine. In the early days, it was easy to find Bitcoins, and some people found hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of the cryptocurrency using their computers. Now, though, more expensive hardware is required to find them. Each Bitcoin blockchain is 25 Bitcoin addresses, so it takes a lot of time to find them on your own. The exact amount of time ranges depending on the hardware power, but mining all day could drive your energy bill up and only mine a tiny fraction of a Bitcoin — it may take days to mine enough to purchase anything.
To tackle that problem, there are now mining pools. Miners around the world can band together to combine the power of their computer systems and then share the profits between participants. The most popular one is Slush’s Pool, where smaller, more steady payouts are given instead of a lump sum.
9. Where you can use Bitcoin
There are many places you can use Bitcoin to purchase products or services. There’s no real rhyme or reason to the list, which includes big corporations and smaller, independent retailers including bakeries and restaurants. You can also use the currencies to buy flights, train tickets, and hotels on CheapAir; upgrades to your OK Cupid profile; products on Overstock.com; gift cards on eGifter. There’s a list on SpendBitcoins that shows all the places that accept the cryptocurrency.
10. The future of virtual currency
The value of Bitcoin has fluctuated drastically throughout the last year, and there are still 9 million of the coins out there in cyberspace. However, many
security issues remain, and that will continue to be a problem. In 2013, Mt. Gox, a Japanese exchange, handled 70% of all Bitcoin transactions, but they lost some 750,000 Bitcoins in February 2014 and filed for bankruptcy, and nothing has been proven in the case. Since it’s universal, it’s useful for international transactions, and could be helpful for transactions in developing countries.
security issues remain, and that will continue to be a problem. In 2013, Mt. Gox, a Japanese exchange, handled 70% of all Bitcoin transactions, but they lost some 750,000 Bitcoins in February 2014 and filed for bankruptcy, and nothing has been proven in the case. Since it’s universal, it’s useful for international transactions, and could be helpful for transactions in developing countries.
Some experts suggest putting a few aside if you have them and see what happens in the coming months and years, because there are sure to be regulations on the currency soon. With businesses jumping on the bandwagon and investors becoming interested in cryptocurrency, look for momentum to grow, but it will take time for the situation to stabilize as governments, the international community, and the people of the internet decide on how the next generation of currency will transition to a digital world.
Open your free digital wallet here to store your cryptocurrencies in a safe place.
18 May
1
Spreading Peercoin on Pi: get 10 PPC for setting up a node!
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| User river333 from PeercoinTalk is ready to start giving out tips for spreading Peercoin on Pi! |
Here’s how to get the 10 PPC tip!
1. Follow Tea42’s guide on how to set up Peercoin on your Raspberry Pi. A full node is required to receive the tip, so be sure to complete the part of the guide entitled “Contribute to the Peercoin network” in part 2, which shows you how to allow port forwarding.
2. Post in this thread with a photo of your Pi, and also a photo of your Pi screen.
The following should be visible in the photo of your Pi’s screen:
A: A window showing your Raspberry Pi serial number.
B: The Peercoin Qt wallet with the green checkmark in the lower right hand corner indicating that the RPi is now a currently synced Peercoin node.
The “Receive coins” tab should be clicked so your wallet address to receive coins is visible.
C: The Peercoin Qt debug window open showing the command “getconnectioncount” having been typed in at the bottom and the window showing a number greater than 8.
3. Paste your PPC address into your forum post. This should match the one visible in the photo of your Pi’s screen.
If you follow the above instructions correctly, you will receive your tip!
A big thank you to NewMoneyEra for donating the PPC that will be used for tipping.
FAQsWhat is a Raspberry Pi?A Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that can be plugged into a monitor/tv, and a standard keyboard and mouse (https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/what-is-a-raspberry-pi/). It is used in programming education and also has a wide variety of other uses. Its low energy consumption makes it perfect for running a Peercoin node.
What model of Raspberry Pi should I buy?
Model B is the most used at the moment. I’ve read that the new model has the same hardware, and only the form is different, but I have no experience
with it. As for an SD card, it’s best to buy a class 10 or better, that is 10MB/s minimum write speed. Don’t get fooled by the read speed they mention on the packaging, that is always much higher. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Digital#Speed_class_rating
A case is not necessary but recommended because it protects against stuff falling on your pi, small coffee spills etc
I have a pi I ordered for playing round with and remember you will need a power supply to for it, that and the SD card u need to buy, its a micro usb charger same as many android phones or tablets so u can use one of those if it gives a high enough voltage. I just remember when I ordered mine the wait on charges was 3 weeks longer than the 5 weeks for the pi, but I hope they more readily available now.
What is the purpose of this project? The purpose of this project is to encourage the use of Peercoin on Raspberry Pi, while also increasing the number of full nodes on the network. A connection count of more than 8 indicates that port forwarding is enabled and that you are running a full node. Minting is beyond the scope of this project. Can I mint on my Raspberry Pi too?
Yes, you can. However, for the moment it is advisable not to mint on a full node (i.e. with port forwarding) until more research has been done. You can find out more about this here and here if you are interested.
Open your free digital wallet here to store your cryptocurrencies in a safe place.